TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES

 Trending Programming Language

1)Python

According to Statista, Python takes 3d place as the top programming language with 48.24% of developers who choose it. Python is an interpreted and object-oriented language. It is also one of the high-level modern programming languages with dynamic semantics. It was developed in the late 1980s by Guido Van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands. In 1991, it was first released to the public. Readability became the philosophy of Python. Such online giants as Google, Pinterest, Wikipedia, Yahoo!, Instagram, YouTube, DropBox, NASA, ESRI use Python for development. Python has a versatile nature. Therefore it is used in different spheres for various needs, like developing frameworks, micro-frameworks, and advanced content management systems, creating desktop GUIs, scientific and numeric computing.

Python features:

• It’s easy to learn; therefore, it’s suitable for beginners
• It’s frequently used for creating web apps
• It’s usable and distributable for free, both for personal and professional usage.

2)Java

Java takes 5th place in the top 10 programming languages of the future rank. This is one of the classic programming languages. Even our moms heard something about writing code using Java, although they do not even understand how it works. Java is a cost-efficient programming language that helps to shorten development time. Additionally, it improves the services of the application and drives innovation. It makes this programming language one of the best to learn and implement for software development. Java project initiated 20 years ago, in 1991, by James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton. Currently, Java has 4 editions:

• Java Card for smart cards.
• Micro Edition used for companies with limited resources
• Standard Edition used for workstation environments
• Enterprise Edition (Java EE) used for large distributed enterprise or Internet environments.

Currently, such companies as Airbnb, Netflix, Google, Pinterest, Instagram, Spotify, Amazon use Java in their development processes. This is surely one of the most demanded programming languages, and it seems that it will be in demand for many years.

Java features:

• It has a huge number of open-source libraries
• Its community is countless
• It has a high level of security

3)JavaScript

JavaScript takes the leading position in the rank of most demanded programming languages with 64.96% of developers who choose it. JavaScript, also known as JS, is a multi-paradigm and dynamic language, which supports object-oriented, imperative, and declarative styles. Therefore, this is a functional programming language. It is used both for web pages and non-browser environments.

JS was released in 1993, and now it is used by such companies as Microsoft, PayPal, Netflix, Uber, Facebook, eBay. It is still one of the classic languages that can be a decent competitor for the best new programming languages. The demand for JavaScript developers is always high. This language covers multiple business requests and helps in solving various needs.

JavaScript features:

• It’s very fast
• It’s used everywhere on the web
• It allows creating rich interfaces

4)C#

C# takes the 8th position in the programming languages rank with 27.86% of developers who choose it. Many newbies and experienced developers choose C# as their key language. C sharp is chosen by the leading companies such as Microsoft (who is also a developer of this top programming language), Delivery Hero, Accenture, Stack Overflow, ViaVarejo, and many others.

C# features:

• It has great integrity and interoperability
• It is used for cross-platform development
• It’s simple and fast

5)C / C++

C / C++ take 10th place in the top programming language chart by Statista. Their names look alike, but the difference is significant. The matter is that C is a middle-level language, while C++ is a high-level one. C programming language has a huge history behind it. It first appeared in 1972, and it was created by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories to develop UNIX operating system. C is a classic programming language that is obligatory for everyone who wants to develop in the software engineering industry. C++ is the ancestor of the C programming language. Actually, it’s the extension of it, which appeared in 1985. 

C / C++ are known for a fantastic number of resources to work with (libraries are compiled since 1972 and 1985 correspondingly) and offers impressively fast execution of programs. Also, C / C++ is used as the foundation for understanding other languages. Evernote, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Opera, NASA, and Facebook use C / C++  in the development.

C / C++ features:

• It has a low level of abstraction
• It has a huge community
• It helps to create efficient programs that are easy to understand.

6)PHP

PHP is a very widely used scripting language. The numbers speak for themselves – almost 22% of professionals around the world use it. The language is best suited for web development and can be easily embedded in HTML. Like most languages, PHP is open source. The reason is its simplicity as it is great to start with before moving to more complex web-oriented languages such as HTML, CSS, or SQL.

• very easy to learn
• used to manage the dynamic content of a website
• interpreted language, i.e. no compilation required

7)R

This programming language is much less popular among specialists and is used by only 5% of professionals in the world. But there is a reason for this – R is a language tailored to statistical computing and graphics. It is used for data analysis and visualization, as well as for various experiments with data. In addition, according to experts, it has a higher entry threshold than the same Python.

R features:

• R is an open-source software environment
• Strong Graphical Capabilities
• Can Perform Complex Statistical Calculations

8)TypeScript

For several years in a row, TypeScript has been one of the ten most used programming languages ​​among professionals. In 2021, in particular, this language took eighth place, gathering just over 30% of respondents.

In essence, TypeScript is JavaScript with syntax for types. It simplifies JavaScript by making it easier to read and debug. That is, it is a strictly typed language that gives developers efficient tools of any scale. In particular, TypeScript provides a JavaScript IDE and some practices, including static checking. In other words, this programming language makes it easier to read and understand code.

TypeScript features:

• Adopts the basic building blocks of your program from JavaScript
• TypeScript supports other JavaScript libraries
• Portable across browsers, devices, and operating systems

9)Objective-C

Objective-C is a compiled object-oriented programming language used by the Apple Corporation, built on top of the C language and Smalltalk paradigms. In particular, the object model is built in the style of Smalltalk – that is, messages are sent to objects. Objective-C originated in the 80s as a modification of C towards Smalltalk. Moreover, this modification consisted in adding new syntactic constructions and a special preprocessor for them (which, passing through the code, transformed them into ordinary C, as well as a run-time library (processing these calls). Thus, initially, Objective-C was perceived as an add-on to C.

• The basic syntax style is very simple and easy to learn.
• Simple and efficient.
• Extensive
• Function-rich libraries.
• Dynamic memory management.
• Modular with structured language.
• Mid-level programming language.

10)Swift

Swift is the main platform used by developers to create apps for mobile. This time, for iOS. As you have probably noticed, new computer languages used for specific needs (like mobile app development) are less popular than languages that can be applied in various spheres. Therefore, Swift gets only 5.1% by Statista, and, in this case, it means that this language does not serve multiple purposes. Swift is a programming language with concise syntax and various features that developers love. One of the biggest advantages is that Swift is that it is design-friendly, and at the same time, it’s fast.

Swift is a new programming language – its development started in 2010, and it was first released in 2014. However, a huge number of companies use it to create apps for iOS. Slack, Uber, Robinhood, Bitpanda, Accenture are only some of the businesses that trusted their iOS presence to Swift.

Swift features:

• It provides safeguards for errors prevention and readability improvement 
• It is 2.6x faster than Objective-C and 8.4x faster than Python.
• It is open for everyone.

11)Kotlin

Kotlin is not listed in the best new programming languages according to Statista, but its popularity for developing Android Apps is fantastic. It is also used for JVM and is 100% interoperable with Java. The history of Kotlin started back in 2011 as a new language for the JVM. On February 15, 2016, Kotlin v1.0 was released by JetBrains. Kotlin is a ‘modern, concise and safe programming language’ as the language creators say. Such companies as Udemy, Slack, Tinder, Alibaba Travel use Kotlin for development.

Kotlin features:

• Kotlin works with existing Java code
• It’s easy to learn and maintain
• It merges functional and procedural programming

12)Scala

Scala is no longer included in the Statista programming language ranking, although in 2020 it had 3.6%. However, many developers say that programming languages of the future must include Scala as this is a strong and promising language. According to the official website, Scala is a concise and high-level programming language that combines functional and object-oriented programming. Officially released in 2004, Scala is now used by LinkedIn (switched to it in 2019), Twitter (switched to it from Ruby on Rails in 2009), Sony, Netflix, Tumblr, Foursquare.

Scala features:

• It provides code complexity optimization
• It offers concise notation
• It allows to leverage the advantages of JVM and keep Java libraries

13)Go

Some developers say that ‘Go language is the C for the twenty-first century when it comes to syntax.’ Go takes 14th place in-demand programming languages rank by Statista, and it is chosen by 9.55% of developers. It is an open-source programming language that allows creating efficient software. Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson from Google officially released it in 2009, though it was developed in 2007. Currently, Go is one of the most in-demand coding languages in Silicon Valley. Go is used by Google, Uber, Twitch, SendGrid, Dropbox, Soundcloud. 

Go features:

• It has a powerful standard library
• It has clear syntax, due to which it’s easy to read the code
• It is perfect for creating single-page applications

14)Ruby

Number 13 in Statista best new programming languages rating, but perhaps number 1 in developing web applications. Like Swift and Kotlin, Ruby is used for certain clear goals; therefore, the number of developers who chose it is lower than multi-purpose JavaScript and Python. Ruby is focused on being simple and productive. It’s dynamic and open-source – many developers appreciate these two features. The distinctive feature of Ruby is its elegant syntax. Ruby is a ‘Japanese’ programming language developed in the mid 90’ies. Airbnb, Groupon, Github, Couchsurfing, Shopify, Ask.fm, Dribbble, Twitter use Ruby in their online presence.

Ruby features:

• It allows simple and fast development of web applications
• It provides an elegant code
• It allows the developers to maintain reference counts in extension libraries.

Time to make your coding choice

In this article, we’ve described only some of the programming language trends. But with the development of the IT sector, the number of languages that are in demand increases every day. If you are planning to build your career in information technologies, don’t stop learning new languages. Therefore, you will always be up to date, and any job application will be successful for you. Of course, a perfect knowledge of all programming languages is impossible. But it will be good to know at least some basics to switch to development on this language easily.